A is the first letter of the northeadish standard literary alphabet. Its phœnetic value may be either [a] or [ə] (see appdx i§a). Its eastheadish equivalent, a, is also the first letter of the eastheadish alphabet, though this only represents the [a] phœneme, as [ə] is represented by the thirtieth letter, F. Northeadish a normally comes from the ProtoGermanic letter a, or from PGmc e after a-mutation. It has an i-mutation of æ. -a [-a] pfx.w.m. -er, -or. Masuline agentive suffix for verbs. All nouns ending in -a are masculine. The feminine form is -(a)stra (see). [-jōn (w.m.)] ac [ak] cjx. but, yet, however, still. Synonyms: eðþ. [ake] acɴ [akan] v.st6.t. to drive, to blow (snow, leaves, wind, &c). [akan - ōk - ōkum - akana] acɴ [akan] v.wk3.i. to ache, to hurt. Conjugation is weak. Synonyms: smertɴ. [akan - ahta - ahtum - ahta] acsʌ [aksal] n.st.n. axle. [aǥslō (st.f.)] aqs [awks] n.st.n. axe. [akwesī, akusī (w.f.)] aðʌ [aðal] adj. noble, of noble birth. [aþala] aðʌdм [aðaldam] n.w.n. nobility. [aðʌ + dм] -ag [-ag, -eg] adj.sfx. -y, -ish. An adjectival suffix usually applied to nouns, though it may also be applied to verbs and adjectives. Adverbial form is -ega. This suffix causes i-umlaut to occur in the primary vowel. [-Vga < IE -Vk] ag [ag] n.st.n. awe, terror, horror. [agiz (st.m.)] aʒʌ [awgul] n.w.n. fork. Synonyms: fruc. [aǥwalaz (st.m.)] aʒustmānðþ [awgustmánþ] n.w.m. august. See appdx. vi for notes. [aʒust ( < lat. august) + mānðþ] aht [aht] num. eight. [ahtau] ahta [ahta] num. =aht. ahtacþ [ahtakþ] adj. eightieth. [ahtau-tigunþa] ahtag [ahtag] num. eighty. [ahtau-tigu(n)] ahtamānðþ [ahtamánþ] n.w.m. october. See appdx. vi for notes. [ahta + mānðþ] ahtatehɴ [ahtatehan] num. eighteen. [ahtau-tehun] ahtatehɴþ [ahtatehanþ] adj. eighteenth. [ahtau-tehunda] ahtþ [ahtþ] adj. eighth. [ahtuda] aƕa [awhwa] n.st.f. water. Synonyms: vatʀ, lag. While vatʀ is used in all senses of hydrogen dioxide, aƕa and lag are used in the sense of bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, seas, ponds, &c. [ahwō (st.f.)] al [al] adj. all. [al(n)a] al [al] n.w.n. ale, beer. Synonyms: bȳr. The final –þ is dropped in the nominative and accusative singular per the Coronal Consonant Deletion rule, in which a non-strident coronal consonant [t, þ, d, ð] is deleted word-finally when preceded by an unstressed vowel. [aluþ (w.n.)] ala [ala] prn. everyone, everybody. This is the plural declension of al (see). Declines as an adjective in the plural (see al). alðþ [alþ] adj. old. Refers specifically to people. Synonyms: fren, gamʌ. [alþa] alðþvetscap [alþvetskap] n.w.n. gerontology. [alðþ + vetscap] alǣn [alén] adj. alone. [al+ǣn] alm [alm] n.w.f. elm (tree), Ulmus spp. [almaz (st.m.)] aln [al(a)n] v.st.6.t. to feed, to nourish. Synonyms: fœ̄dɴ. [alan - ōl - ōlum - alana] alsȳr [alsýr] n.w.n. malt vinegar. Synonyms: maltsȳr. [al + sȳr] alswā [alswá] prp. as. See swā. [al + swā] alt [alt] prn. all, everything. This is the neuter singular declension of al. Declines as an adjective. altīd [altíd] adv. always, ever, forever. [al + tīd.] alvf [alf] n.st.m. elf. [alƀaz (st.m.)] ama [ama] n.st.f. paternal grandmother. See appdx. v. [ammōn (w.f.)] amba [amba] n.w.n. abdomen, stomach, belly. Synonyms: vanst. [ambōn (w.n.)] ameʒðʌ [amewgðal] n.w.n. almond. [from Grk. αμυγδαλη, possibly influenced by the word maʒ] an- [an-] pfx. on, a-. [an- < IE ano] an [an] prp. on, on the side of. See ūp for usage. [ana] an [an] n.st.m. maternal grandfather. See appdx. v. [anōn (w.m.)] ana [ana] n.st.f. maternal grandmother. See appdx. v. [an(n)ōn (w.f.)] an·benðɴ [anbenðan] v.st3.t. to tie on, to bind, to fasten, to tether. Class 3 strong verb: conj. like benðɴ. [an + benðɴ, ana-bendan] an·clǣðnasc (clǣðɴ sec an) [ankléðnask (kléðan sek an)] v.wk1.r. to get dressed, to put on clothes. Weak irregular: conj. like clǣðɴ. [an + clǣðɴ + sec, ana-klaiþ(j)an sek] an·clǣðɴ [ankléðan] v.wk1.t. to dress, to clothe. Weak irregular: conj. like clǣðɴ. [an + clǣðɴ, ana-klaiþ(j)an] an·clīvɴ [anklívan] v.st1.i. to cling to, to cleave onto. Class 1 strong verb: conj. like clīvɴ. [an + clīvɴ, ana-kleiban] an·clᵫcɴ [anklyken] v.wk1.t. to clutch onto, to grasp. Synonyms: angrīpɴ. [an + clᵫcɴ, ana-klukkjan] anðм [anðam] n.w.n. spirit, soul. Synonyms: brāðþ, gǣst, sewl. [anþam (w.n.) breath] anðrɴ [anðran] v.wk3.i. to change. [from anðʀ, anþaran] anðʀ [anðar] adj. other. [anþara] anðʀ [anðar] adj. second. [anþara] an·faln [anfal(a)n] v.st6.i. to fall onto. Conj. like faln. [an + faln, ana-fallan] an·fāhɴ [anfáhan] v.st7.t. to catch. Conj. like fāhɴ. [an + fāhɴ, ana-fanhan] an·geln [angel(a)n] v.st4.t. to yell at, to scream at. Conj. like geln. [an + geln, ana-gelan] an·grīpɴ [angrípan] v.st1.t. to grip, to grasp (onto). Conj. like grīpɴ. [an + grīpɴ, ana-greipan] an·gȳʒɴ [angýwgun] v.t. to look at, to watch. Conj. like gȳʒɴ. [an + gȳʒɴ] an·hāhɴ [anháhan] v.t. to hang upon. Class 7 strong verb: conj. like hāhɴ. [an + hāhɴ] anmegɴ [anmegan] adj. angry, mad, pissed off. [p.p. of anmīgɴ] Hī var halðþ anmegnʀ. He was really angry.
an·mīgɴ [anmígan] v.t. to anger, to piss off. Class 1 strong verb: conj. like mīgɴ. [an + mīgɴ] Þat mīcþ mec an. That pisses me off.
an·nemɴ [anneman] v.t. to accept, to take on (as a challenge, a project, &c.). Class 4 strong verb: conj. like nemɴ. Also antacɴ. [an + nemɴ] anɴ v.t. [anan] to breathe. Synonyms: brǣðɴ. Derivatives: īnanɴ, ūtanɴ. [anan] an·scaʒɴ [anskawgun] v.t. =scaʒɴ. Class 6 strong verb: conj. like scaʒɴ. [an + scaʒɴ] ansprāc [ansprák] n.w.n. speech, lecture. [an + sprāc] an·sprecɴ [ansprekan] v.t. to speak to, to lecture. Class 3 strong verb: conj. like sprecɴ. [an + sprecɴ] an·stīgɴ [anstígan] v.t. to climb onto, to board (a ship, a train, &c.), to mount. Class 1 strong verb: conj. like stīgɴ. [an + stīgɴ] an·tacɴ [antakan] v.t. to accept, to take on (a challenge, a project, &c.). Class 6 strong verb: conj. like tacɴ. Also annemɴ. [an + tacɴ] antacӿ [antakang] n.w.f. acceptance. [antac(ɴ) + ӿ] antal [antal] n.w.n. amount, total, count. [an + tal] an·taln [antal(a)n] v.t. to count. Class 6: conj. like taln. [an + taln] an·treðɴ [antreðan] v.t. to step on, to walk over, to tread (up)on. Class 3 strong verb: conj. like tredɴ. [an + treðɴ] anþrah [anþrah] n.st.m. duck, drake. Synonyms: ænd. [anuttrahhō (w.m.)] aŋcʌ [ankal] n.st.n. ankle. [ankula (st.m.)] aŋqa [ankwa] n.w.n. butter. Synonyms: smervf (see for notes). [ankwōn (w.m.)] aŋʒa [angwa] adj. narrow. [angwu] apa [apa] n.w.n. ape, monkey, primate. [apōn (w.m.)] apʌ [apal] n.st.n. apple. Derivatives: erðþapʌ. [apal(j)az (st.m.)] apʌtreʒ [apaltrewg] n.w.n. apple tree. [apʌ+ treʒ] arabesc [arabesk] adj. arabic, arabian. [lat. arabicus < arb. ʿarab] arabesct treʒstǣn [arabeskt trewgstén] n.w.n. benzoin, gum arabic, benjamin. “Arabic tree-stone.” arg [arg] adj.st. bad, ill; mean, wicked, cruel; dastardly, sneaky, cowardly. Synonyms: grem, sleht, slem, ᵫvʌ. [arga] arƕa [arhwa] n.w.n. arrow. [arhwō (st.f.)] arƕacucʀ [arhwakukar] n.w.n. quiver (of arrows). [arƕa + cucʀ] arm [arm] adj. poor. [arma] arm [arm] n.w.n. arm. [armaz (w.m.)] armðþ [armþ] n.w.f. poverty. [armiþō (st.f.)] arvæða [arveða] n.w.m. (male) worker, labourer. [arvæðþ + a] arvæðastra [arveðastra] n.w.f. (female) worker, labourer. [arvæðþ + (a)stra] arvæðɴ [arveðan] v.i. to work, to toil, to labour. Synonyms: vercɴ. Arvæðɴ has the sense of work that needs to be done, while vercɴ has the implication of a project (such as a work of art or literature). [arbaiþjan] arvæðþ [arveþ] n.w.n. work, travail, labour. [arbaiþiz (st.f.)] arvɴ [arvan] n.w.m. orphan (male). [arbōn (w.m.)] asc [ask] n.st.m. ash (tree), Fraxinus spp. [askaz (st.m.)]
asca [aska] n.w.n. ash, cinder. [askōn (w.f.)] aspa [aspa] n.w.f. aspen, poplar, Populus spp. [aspōn (w.f.)] at [at] prp. at, to, towards. [at] at [at] prp. to (infinitive marker). [at] avf- [af-] pfx. off, from. [ab-, aƀ- < IE apó] avf [af] adv. off. [aba] avf [af] n.st.m. paternal grandfather. [awōn (st.m.)] avf ōc an [af óc an] adv. off and on, now and then, occasionally. avf·arvæðɴ [afarveðan] v.t. to work off (as a debt). [avf + arveðɴ] avf·æqsɴ [afewksen] v.t. to axe off, to chop off, to hack off. [avf + æqsɴ] avf·ændɴ [afenden] v.t. to bring to an end, to finish off. [avf + ændɴ] avf·benðɴ [afbenðan] v.t. to tie off, to bind. Class 3 strong verb: conj. like benðɴ. [avf + benðɴ] avf·bītɴ [afbítan] v.t. to bite off. Class 1 strong verb: conj. like bītɴ. [avf + bītɴ] avf·blændɴ [afblenden] v.i. to fade. Class 7 strong verb assimilated into class 3: conj. like blændɴ. [avf + blændɴ] avf·brecɴ [afbrekan] v.t. to break off. Class 3 strong verb: conj. like brecɴ. [avf + brecɴ] avf·bȳln [afbýl(a)n] v.t. to boil off, to cook down, to reduce a liquid through cooking. [avf + bȳln] avf·caʒɴ [afkawgun] v.t. to chew off. [avf + caʒɴ] avf·daʒɴ [afdawgun] v.i. to die off. Class 6 strong verb: conj. like daʒɴ. [avf + daʒɴ] avf·dōn [afdón] v.t. to turn off (a light, appliance, &c.). [avf + dōn] avf·drītɴ [afdrítan] v.t. to go away, to piss off. Class 1 strong verb: conj. like drītɴ. Slightly vulgar. “Drīt avf!” has approximately the same connotation as “Piss off!” in English. [avf + drītɴ] avf·falɴ [affalan] v.i. to fall off. Class 6 strong verb: conj. like falɴ. [avf + falɴ] avf·farn [affar(a)n] v.i. to depart, to go off, to travel. Class 6 strong verb: conj. like farn. Synonyms: avfgaŋɴ. [avf + farn] avf·gaŋɴ [afgangan] v.i. to depart, to go off. Synonyms: avfgān, avfgāhɴ. Class 7 strong verb: conj. like gaŋɴ. Like avffarn, but avfgaŋɴ has a more local implication. Avffarn has the connotation of driving or traveling by means other than ones own feet. [avf + gaŋɴ] avf·gāhɴ [afgáhan] v.i. =avfgaŋɴ [avf + gāhɴ] avf·gān [afgán] v.i. =avfgaŋɴ [avf + gān] avf·gærʒɴ [afgergun] v.t. to decide. Synonyms: baslȳtɴ. [avf + gærʒɴ] avf·gevɴ [afgevan] v.i. to give off, to emit. Class 5 strong verb: conj. like gevɴ. [avf + gevɴ] avf·hāhɴ [afháhan] v.i. to depend (on). Class 7 strong verb: conj. like hāhɴ. Used with an. [avf + hāhɴ] Þat hǣhþ anþм tala avf. That depends on the price.
avfhǣhag [afhéhag] adj. dependant. Used with an. [from hāhɴ] Þat ærðþ anþм tala avfhǣhag. That is dependant on the price.
avf·nemɴ [afneman] v.t. to take off, to remove. Class 4 strong verb: conj. like nemɴ. [avf + nemɴ] avf·rȳmɴ [afrýman] v.t. to clean off, to clear. See hrȳðɴ. Class 2 strong verb: conj. like rȳmɴ. [avf + rȳmɴ] avf·scacɴ [afskakan] v.t. to shake off. Class 6 strong verb: conj. like scacɴ. [avf + scacɴ] avf·scavɴ [afskavan] v.t. to shave off. Class 6 strong verb: conj. like scavɴ. [avf + scavɴ] avf·scern [afsker(a)n] v.t. to cut off, to shear off. Class 4 strong verb: conj. like scern. [avf + scern] avfscrutӿ [afskrutang] n.w.f. abbreviation. [avfscrut(ɴ) + ӿ] avf·scrᵫtnasc (scrᵫtɴ sec avf) [afskrytnask (skrytan sek af)] v.r. to shorten, to become shorter. [avf + scrᵫtɴ + sec] avf·scrᵫtnɴ [afskrytnan] v.t. to shorten, to become shorter. [avf + scrᵫtnɴ] avf·scrᵫtɴ [afskrytan] v.t. to shorten, to abbreviate. [avf + scrᵫtɴ] avf·snīðɴ [afsníðan] v.t. to cut off, to snip off. Class 1: conj. like snīðɴ. [avf + snīðɴ] avf·stīgɴ [afstígan] v.i. to step off, to climb off. Class 1: conj. like stīgɴ. [avf + stīgɴ] avf·taln [aftal(a)n] v.t. to pay off (debt). Class 6: conj. like taln. [avf + taln] avʌ [aval] n.st.n. power, might. [aƀalaz (st.m.)] |